Prostate disease is one of the most common and insidious in men over 40 years. At first, patients may not even be aware of the problem, but over time, the symptoms are felt. If you do not consult a doctor in time, prostatitis becomes chronic and complications can occur. Depending on the severity, causes and nature of the course, different types of prostatitis differ.
Types of prostatitis according to the form of its course:
- sharp;
- chronic;
- hidden.
What is prostatitis due to the appearance of:
- herpes;
- bacterial;
- calculating;
- stagnant;
- infectious;
- purulent;
- chlamydial;
- fungal;
- gonorrheal;
- fibrous.
Classification
Faced with such an unpleasant disease of the genitourinary system as inflammation of the prostate gland, many men wonder why they have prostatitis.
Understanding the etiology of the disease helps for accurate diagnosis and effective prevention.
In the form of the flow
According to the shape of the course, prostatitis is divided into acute, chronic and latent, among which there are catarrhal, follicular, parenchymal (purulent).
There are the following forms of the disease:
- In catarrhal prostatitis in the male body there is a violation of urination and discomfort in the pubic area. This is the most common type of acute prostatitis.
- Follicular prostatitis is characterized by symptoms such as pain in the groin or anus, fever and severe urinary disorders (dysuria). In a more advanced form, when the patient postpones a visit to the doctor, sharp pains appear during urination and urinary retention occurs.
- Parenchymal prostatitis - an abscess with purulent contents is formed in the body of the prostate gland. In this case, fever occurs, sharp pains appear with frequent urge to urinate. The temperature rises to 39-40 ° C, the act of defecation becomes almost impossible.
Acute prostatitis
Acute prostatitis is a condition in which there is inflammation of the prostate gland, which appears for a short time and is characterized by various symptoms. Swelling of the gland occurs, provoked by the negative effects of pathogenic microflora. Disease-causing bacteria disrupt the integrity of tissues, causing constant discomfort in the pelvic area, even at rest.
There are several predominant routes of infection in the prostate:
- with inflammation of the rectum - the lymphogenic pathway;
- after infectious diseases - hematogenous;
- directly through the urethra - canalicular.
Excessive accumulation of contents in the prostate gland creates excellent conditions for the growth of bacteria, which causes various complications:
- abscess;
- BPH;
- prostate cancer;
- loss of potency;
- infertility.
The symptoms of prostatitis are so painful that the patient is forced to urgently consult a doctor for help. If you do not do this in time, prostatitis will become a chronic form that is much more difficult to cure. Antibiotic therapy in combination with drugs that strengthen the immune system effectively fights the disease.
Chronic prostatitis
The symptoms of chronic prostatitis are usually found against the background of congestion in the prostate gland, as a result of untreated acute disease. It usually occurs in men over the age of 50 who have not sought help and have treated themselves. Many of them have developed complications due to concomitant diseases. In addition, at this age, not everyone is sexually active enough, as a result of which the secretion thickens and stagnates in the prostate, leading to dysfunction. Interrupted intercourse also provokes fluid stagnation. According to modern research, about 40% of people who experience symptoms of chronic prostatitis experience erection problems.
Chronic prostatitis, as a rule, has mild symptoms that appear only during exacerbation. Patients notice dull pain in the groin area, which increases after exercise and at the end of the day. Often the pain radiates to the lower back, scrotum and perineum. Frequent urination is noted, especially at night, the flow is intermittent, pouring crookedly.
Sexual intercourse becomes shorter, there is an incomplete erection, sometimes there is pain in the penis of the head. Infertility is usually found in people with chronic prostatitis; impotence at this stage of the disease practically does not exist. Sometimes there is a change in the color of the genitals, due to improper blood circulation they become purple.
Each of the symptoms of prostatitis worsens if left untreated. The condition is similar to the manifestations in the acute course of the disease. Weakening of the immune system, stress, neglect of the diet, bad habits - all this leads to exacerbation and worsening of the condition.
Often the chronic form leads to the appearance of symptoms of diseases such as cystitis, kidney disease and adenoma. The risk of urolithiasis and the formation of a malignant tumor increases. Often the pathological process is almost asymptomatic and is discovered quite by accident during laboratory tests related to another disease.
Due to the appearance
There are many reasons provoking the development of prostatitis with infectious and non-infectious etiology, as well as predisposing factors. Due to the appearance, the following types of prostatitis are distinguished:
- bacterial;
- calculating;
- stagnant;
- infectious;
- purulent.
Sedentary lifestyle, frequent hypothermia, infrequent sexual activity, interrupted intercourse, smoking, alcohol abuse, stressful situations - all these circumstances affect the stagnation of secretions in the vessels of the prostate gland and in the vessels adjacent to it. Prostatitis is classified into several forms, depending on the reasons for its appearance.
Bacterial prostatitis
Bacterial prostatitis is caused by bacteria that enter the prostate gland in different ways. This can be either a type of bacteria or a group of them. The disease can be caused by:
- fungi;
- gonococci;
- Koch's wand;
- chlamydia;
- several types of bacteria at once.
The inflammatory process is most often associated with the penetration of bacteria into the prostate gland caused by sexually transmitted diseases. Lewd sex with frequent change of partners and without the use of protective equipment leads to diseases such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, fungal infections. In addition, the development of pathology is facilitated by a decrease in immunity due to a violation of the regime of work and rest. Bad habits, such as smoking, drinking alcohol, sedentary lifestyle, etc. Also reduce immunity.
The most obvious symptoms that accompany the bacterial type of prostatitis include burning, pain, and cloudy secretions during urination. The smell of urine is unpleasant. There are general symptoms accompanying intoxication: dizziness, weakness, nausea, fever. Pain is noticed during ejaculation, and sometimes there is blood. In chronic bacterial prostatitis, urination becomes more frequent, there is a yellowish or greenish discharge from the penis.
Calculous prostatitis
In calculous prostatitis, stones form in the ducts of the prostate gland. This form of the disease is very complex and is accompanied by severe pain. Conglomerates are of different origins: phosphates, oxalates, with a predominance of calcium and protein.
There are two reasons for the appearance of stones in the ducts: stagnation of the contents of the gland and throwing urine into the prostate.
Stagnation is associated with various factors that interfere with the normal outflow of secreted fluid. Prolonged sexual abstinence, hyperplasia, the presence of a tumor that closes the ducts, and a sedentary lifestyle lead to stagnation of secretions and disruption of the vascular and lymphatic systems.
Urine is caused by a malfunction of the sphincter, which relaxes and urine flows both outside and inside. The presence of stones and sand in the bladder contributes to the development of stones in the ducts of the prostate. They enter there with urine, precipitate and continue to grow, eventually reducing the output. Genital injuries and surgeries can lead to sphincter dysfunction.
Initially, the calculous form of prostatitis is asymptomatic as the stones grow, symptoms appear and increase. There is pain in the lower abdomen or scrotum, radiating to the buttocks and lower back. Pain at rest is not observed and occurs only during exercise, the act of defecation and urination, as well as during sexual intercourse and walking.
Large stones with sharp edges during their movement injure the canal, which leads not only to pain but also to the release of blood in the urine and ejaculate. Stone wounds can be easily infected and then calculous prostatitis will become infectious.
After about a month, calculous prostatitis disrupts the work of the whole body, a person feels bad, experiences insomnia, increased fatigue and irritability.
In the advanced stages of calculous prostatitis, after a complete diagnostic examination, a drug is prescribed and surgical treatment is performed to remove conglomerates.
Stagnant prostatitis
Stagnant prostatitis occurs due to delayed secretion in the prostate gland. Most often such problems are observed in men with sedentary jobs who do not do sports. As a result of hypodynamics there is a violation of blood circulation in the pelvic organs, the prostate suffers from insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrients, stagnation and inflammation occur. If nothing is done, the disease becomes chronic and causes great discomfort.
Stagnant prostatitis provokes irregular sex life or its complete absence. In this case, men should free the gland from the secretion on their own, but do not overdo it, as regular masturbation can harm due to incomplete ejaculation. Many spouses have found for themselves such a way to prevent pregnancy as interrupted intercourse. This also leads to incomplete ejaculation and inflammation.
Sometimes hypothermia or varicose veins become a provoking factor. Abnormalities in the structure of the prostate gland can also cause stagnation. Regular overheating of the pelvic area and constant constipation adversely affect the production of secretions. Depending on the factors that provoke the disease, there are several types of congestive prostatitis.
- Venous prostatitis. This happens in people with varicose veins of the lower extremities. In this disease, all organs in the pelvis are affected due to improper circulation.
- It stagnated. It develops with partial emptying of the prostate gland. Gradual overflow leads to stagnation.
- Chronic. It develops when the wrong way of life becomes a habit. If nothing is done to change the situation, the disease becomes chronic. This happens more often in single men suffering from obesity, already in adulthood, when the anamnesis is burdened by concomitant diseases. At this stage, the prostate often enlarges, which is easy to determine on examination.
- Contagious. It joins the already existing inflammation of the prostate when the infection enters the genitourinary system.
The symptoms of prostatitis are caused by difficulty urinating, groin pain, tension during bowel movements and decreased sexual activity. As a result of these symptoms, stagnant types of prostatitis develop poor health, irritability, reduced ability to work and sleep disturbances.
Infectious prostatitis
Microorganisms that can provoke the appearance of signs of acute prostatitis include Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus, Eltirococcus, Klebsiella. There are bacteria that are constantly in the body, but in a latent state they do not lead to inflammatory processes. Upon penetration through the urethra on the mucous membrane of the prostate gland begins the process of development and reproduction of microorganisms, resulting in the development of inflammation. Indiscriminate and unprotected sex also allows harmful bacteria to enter the body.
Typical symptoms are pain in the scrotum, perineum, lower abdomen, lower back, pain and burning sensation in the pelvis. Difficulty urinating, acute urinary retention occurs. In addition to the listed symptoms that accompany an infectious type of prostatitis, constipation, urethral discharge, hemospermia, and pain during ejaculation may occur.
It is a dangerous disease that, even in the earliest stages, can provoke infection of a sexual partner, lead to general blood poisoning or the development of pyelonephritis and cystitis.
Purulent prostatitis
Purulent prostatitis usually develops when a bacterial infection enters the prostate. The disease proceeds in four stages.
- Catarrhal. It develops after suffering from acute respiratory viral infections, tonsillitis, influenza. There is purulent content in the urine. There is a burning sensation when the bladder is empty. Patients report a decrease in potency. The process that accompanies this type of prostatitis involves the superficial tissues of the prostate.
- Focus. The process extends to the glandular tissue. The channels swell, the drain is disturbed. The gland increases in size due to the accumulation of pus in it, which is excreted in the urine. The body temperature rises.
- Parenchyma. The connective tissue is involved in the process, the swelling becomes even greater, the temperature can reach 40 ° C. The piercing pain in the anus haunts, there is a false desire to defecate.
- Abscessive. The most insidious form of prostatitis. The temperature is very confused, there is an abundant presence of pus and excruciating pain. This stage can be complicated by peritonitis and is fraught with death.
Purulent prostatitis can be complicated by symptoms and diseases such as paraproctitis, paracystitis, abscess, sepsis. These pathologies are usually treated surgically and involve the removal of purulent sacs.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of the types of prostatitis is not particularly difficult and begins with the collection of anamnesis, which helps to understand more accurately the picture of the disease. Then a rectal examination is performed, during which the size of the gland is determined, the nature of the pain is established, the presence of swelling and seals is revealed.
In order to make a correct diagnosis, laboratory tests are prescribed:
- Urine analysis;
- urine culture with AB sensitivity test;
- general blood test;
- analysis of prostate secretion;
- blood chemistry;
- rectal examination.
Additional diagnostics include instrumental examination methods. In the first place, ultrasound is performed, if necessary, MRI and TRUS are additionally prescribed. Relatively recently, a new method for PET screening has emerged that is considered the most informative.
Treatment of inflammation
Urologists treat all types of prostatitis. Traditional methods are good, but only in conjunction with medical prescriptions and with the permission of the attending physician.
You must first understand the cause of the disease and only then can you carry out post-symptomatic treatment.
- Active antibiotic therapy helps to cure prostatitis. Parenteral antibiotics are most effective.
- Pain relievers and diuretics have been shown to have a pronounced pain syndrome.
- Laxatives are prescribed for constipation.
- In case of severe pain and difficulty urinating, novocaine blockade is applied.
- The course of vitamin therapy and immunocorrectors is shown.
- It is worth sticking to a special diet that excludes spicy, salty, smoked foods.
- Bed rest is prescribed.
Local procedures show sedentary baths with water whose temperature is two degrees higher than the body. Enemas are made with an herbal decoction of anti-inflammatory herbs with the addition of 1% anesthetic, while the contents are slowly injected into the intestine and left there as long as the patient can endure.
Physiotherapy also has a beneficial effect on the restoration of prostate function. Prostate massage with acute prostatitis is prohibited, but in chronic form is recommended. UHF and a microwave oven are prescribed to restore metabolism, normal blood circulation and relieve swelling.
In case of prolonged urinary retention, a catheter is inserted. At some stages in the development of the disease, surgical treatment is indicated to open the purulent sacs with the installation of a drain.
Treatment of acute prostatitis takes from a few weeks to a month. A favorable outcome is usually observed. If the disease is complicated or has become chronic, the process will be difficult, long and can take several months.
Restriction of sexual activity and use of personal protective equipment are indicated during treatment.
A medical physiotherapy device helps treat prostatitis. It effectively eliminates the symptoms of prostatitis, is able to restore reduced sexual activity, relieve pain, relieve swelling and inflammation. The device can be used at home both for the treatment and prevention of diseases of the pelvic organs.
The device will relieve muscle tension, improve sperm production, strengthen blood vessels and prevent the development of other possible diseases in the pelvis. The device, which treats prostatitis in men, is easy to use, equipped with a regulator of heating and vibration modes and is powered by the mains. The compact size allows the device to be used in all conditions.
How to prevent the development of the disease?
Prevention of various types of prostatitis, like any other disease, is a healthy lifestyle, lack of bad habits and a balanced diet. If you are diagnosed with prostatitis, exercise should not be neglected. For any inflammatory inflammation that has occurred, you should immediately consult a doctor to eliminate the cause and prevent the infection from penetrating other organs.
You need to lead a decent lifestyle, have regular sex with a regular partner. It is important not to forget about personal hygiene of the genitals and not to neglect regular preventive examinations by a urologist. If a man knows what prostatitis can be and at the same time leads a passive lifestyle, exercises should be done to prevent congestion in the pelvis.
Let's summarize
Depending on the causes and characteristics of the course, acute and chronic types of prostatitis are diagnosed. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome belongs to a separate group. Acute prostatitis is characterized by clinical manifestations such as chills, fever and pain. The chronic form may not manifest itself in any way or have a mild picture: urinary incontinence, pelvic pain, which, with the development of complications, can lead to impotence and loss of fertility.
Acute prostatitis develops suddenly and is easily diagnosed. In contrast, chronic prostatitis occurs in waves, alternating periods of remission and exacerbation. In the chronic course, the identification of pathogenic microbes can cause certain difficulties. Outbreaks of infection occurring in the genitourinary system provoke complications in the form of diseases of organs that are anatomically adjacent to the prostate gland. Depending on which prostatitis is diagnosed, the urologist prescribes a differentiated treatment regimen.